Cosmetic ingredients for dry skin that help prevent moisture loss

Water content plays a key role in the function of the skin barrier and the visible health of the skin. Maintaining optimal hydration levels is essential for desquamation (shedding of dead cells) processes and for the proper functioning of the stratum corneum. When skin loses moisture, a process known as transepidermal water loss, it can become visibly dry, flaky, and more susceptible to irritation, inflammation, and redness. Skin dryness can also lead to the exacerbation of conditions such as eczema and rosacea. Skincare formulations focus on preventing moisture loss by incorporating humectants, occlusives, and emollients, with each group of ingredients playing its specific role in skin hydration.

What are humectants?
Humectants are essential hydration agents in skincare that attract moisture from the environment into the upper layers of the skin to improve its hydration. They are hygroscopic molecules that have a high affinity for water and can soften and smooth dry skin, especially in high humidity conditions. In drier conditions, they are also beneficial but work best in combination with occlusives.

Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a humectant and polysaccharide that occurs naturally in the skin. It can be incorporated into skincare products with different molecular sizes, allowing it to hydrate different layers of the skin. Its ability to bind water helps maintain skin plumpness and reduce fine lines. Hyaluronic acid also improves the effectiveness of other skincare ingredients.

Glycerin
Glycerin is a versatile humectant and a natural component of healthy skin. It not only attracts water to the skin but also helps maintain the skin's protective barrier by soothing irritated skin. This makes it suitable for all skin types, balancing hydration and protecting the skin from environmental influences.

What are occlusives?
Occlusives create a protective layer that traps moisture in the skin and prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This action is essential for maintaining hydration, especially in harsh climatic conditions or for people with a compromised skin barrier.

Dimethicone
Dimethicone is favored in cosmetic formulations for its ability to form a non-comedogenic protective layer on the skin. It does not penetrate the skin and remains on the surface, creating a barrier that locks in moisture and protects it from external irritants. It is also suitable for oily skin as it helps retain moisture without causing acne and leaves the skin smooth and non-greasy.

Petrolatum
Petrolatum is known for its occlusive properties and effectively seals in moisture, supporting the skin's natural repair processes. It is widely used in products for dry or chapped skin, as well as for post-procedure care, due to its protective qualities.

What are emollients?
Emollients are ingredients that soften and smooth the skin by filling the spaces between skin cells. They improve skin texture and provide softness – an important aspect for maintaining a healthy and smooth skin appearance.

Squalane
Squalane is a lightweight emollient that mimics the skin's natural sebum. It provides hydration and makes the skin soft and smooth without leaving a greasy film, making it suitable for various skin types.

Shea Butter
Shea butter is a rich emollient known for its moisturizing and soothing properties. It contains high levels of fatty acids and vitamins that help calm the skin and provide deep hydration.

Additional moisture-retaining ingredients

Ceramides
Ceramides are lipid molecules that are important for the skin's barrier. They play a key role in preventing moisture loss and protecting the skin from external irritants. By strengthening the skin's natural barrier, ceramides help maintain skin hydration and health.