Water content plays a key role in skin barrier function and the visible health of the skin. Maintaining optimal hydration levels is essential for the processes of desquamation (the shedding of dead skin cells) and for the proper functioning of the stratum corneum. When skin loses moisture, a process known as transepidermal water loss, it can become visibly dry, flaky, and more prone to irritation, inflammation, and redness. Dry skin can also lead to exacerbation of conditions such as eczema and rosacea. Skincare formulas focus on preventing moisture loss by including hydrators, occlusives, and emollients, with each group of ingredients playing its own specific role in skin hydration.
What are moisturizers?
Moisturizers are essential hydrating agents in skin care, drawing moisture from the environment into the upper layers of the skin to improve its hydration. They are hygroscopic molecules that have a high affinity for water and can soften and smooth dry skin, especially in high humidity conditions. They are also useful in drier conditions, but work best in combination with occlusives.
Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid is a humectant and polysaccharide that occurs naturally in the skin. It can be incorporated into skin care products with different molecular sizes, allowing it to hydrate different layers of the skin. Its ability to bind water helps maintain skin density and reduce fine lines. Hyaluronic acid also enhances the effectiveness of other skin care ingredients.
Glycerin
Glycerin is a multi-purpose moisturizer and a natural component of healthy skin. It not only attracts water to the skin, but also helps maintain the skin's protective barrier, soothing irritated skin. This makes it suitable for all skin types, balancing hydration and protecting the skin from environmental aggressors.
What are occlusives?
Occlusives create a protective layer that traps moisture in the skin and prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This action is essential for maintaining hydration, especially in harsh climates or for people with a compromised skin barrier.
Dimethicone
Dimethicone is preferred in cosmetic formulas for its ability to form a non-comedogenic protective layer on the skin. It does not penetrate the skin and remains on the surface, creating a barrier that retains moisture in the skin and protects it from external irritants. It is also suitable for oily skin, as it helps retain moisture without causing acne and leaves the skin smooth and non-greasy.
Petrolatum
Petrolatum is known for its occlusive properties and effectively seals in moisture, supporting the skin's natural repair processes. It is widely used in products for dry or cracked skin, as well as for post-procedure care, due to its protective qualities.
What are emollients?
Emollients are ingredients that soften and smooth the skin by filling the spaces between skin cells. They improve skin texture and provide softness – an important aspect of maintaining a healthy, smooth appearance.
Squalane
Squalane is a light emollient that mimics the skin's natural sebum. It provides hydration and makes the skin soft and smooth without leaving a greasy film, making it suitable for a variety of skin types.
Shea butter
Shea butter is a rich emollient known for its hydrating and soothing properties. It contains high levels of fatty acids and vitamins that help soothe the skin and provide deep hydration.
Additional ingredients to retain moisture
Ceramides
Ceramides are lipid molecules that are important for the skin barrier. They play a key role in preventing moisture loss and protecting the skin from external irritants. By strengthening the skin's natural barrier, ceramides help maintain skin hydration and strength.
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid with hydrating properties, meaning it helps skin retain moisture. It also gently exfoliates the skin, encouraging cell turnover and revealing a fresher, more hydrated appearance. Its mildness makes it suitable even for sensitive skin.
Combining moisturizers, occlusives, and emollients in your skincare routine can be extremely effective at maintaining hydration. These ingredients work together to support the skin's natural barrier and improve its appearance.
DISCLAIMER: All skin care articles are intended to assist in education on specific ingredients and skin care topics. Our articles are written to be informative and informative. Any reference to a specific patient experience is not a medical recommendation for treatment. Please note that all Al+ Cosmetics products with ingredients listed are formulated for cosmetic use only and are NOT intended as a substitute for medical advice and/or pharmaceutical product recommendations.